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                <h1 id="再次提醒：下文内容仅就总结多线程的创建方式-不考虑线程安全问题-且为了直观-在异常处理方面大量省略"><a href="#再次提醒：下文内容仅就总结多线程的创建方式-不考虑线程安全问题-且为了直观-在异常处理方面大量省略" class="headerlink" title="再次提醒：下文内容仅就总结多线程的创建方式,不考虑线程安全问题,且为了直观,在异常处理方面大量省略"></a>再次提醒：下文内容仅就总结多线程的创建方式,不考虑线程安全问题,且为了直观,在异常处理方面大量省略</h1><h2 id="一-程序-进程-线程的基本概念"><a href="#一-程序-进程-线程的基本概念" class="headerlink" title="一.程序,进程,线程的基本概念"></a>一.程序,进程,线程的基本概念</h2><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/atozTYeqNsSMl3H.png" alt=""><br> 这里只要做简单的了解即可,红字部分有印象就行,详细内容在虚拟机部分做具体解释</p>
<h2 id="二-创建多线程的四种方式-以多线程抢票为背景"><a href="#二-创建多线程的四种方式-以多线程抢票为背景" class="headerlink" title="二.创建多线程的四种方式(以多线程抢票为背景)"></a>二.创建多线程的四种方式(以多线程抢票为背景)</h2><h2 id="①在JDK5-0之前："><a href="#①在JDK5-0之前：" class="headerlink" title="①在JDK5.0之前："></a>①<strong><em>在JDK5.0之前：</em></strong></h2><h3 id="emsp-方式一：继承Thread类"><a href="#emsp-方式一：继承Thread类" class="headerlink" title=" 方式一：继承Thread类"></a> 方式一：继承Thread类</h3><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java">    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//1.创建一个子类继承Thread</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> ticket<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//2.重写run方法</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ticket<span class="token operator">>=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"抢到票"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>ticket<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                ticket<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"票已售罄"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Test1</span>  <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

           <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 3.实例化子类对象</span>
            Mythread t1<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            Mythread t2<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            t1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程一"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            t2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程二"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


           <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 4.start开启线程</span>
            t1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            t2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<p><strong><em>总结：继承Thread创建多线程的步骤：<br>  1.创建一个子类继承Thread<br>  2.重写run方法<br>  3.实例化子类对象<br>  4.start开启线程</em></strong></p>
<hr>
<h3 id="emsp-方式二：实现Runnable接口"><a href="#emsp-方式二：实现Runnable接口" class="headerlink" title=" 方式二：实现Runnable接口"></a> 方式二：实现Runnable接口</h3><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java">    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//1.创建一个实现Runnable接口的类</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Runnable</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> ticket<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//2.重写run方法</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ticket<span class="token operator">>=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"抢到票"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>ticket<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                ticket<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                  System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"票已售罄"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                  <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>   
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Test1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//3.创建一个实现类的对象</span>
            Mythread t<span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/*4.每个线程各自创建一个以实现类对象为参数的Thread  
            类的对象*/</span>
            Thread t1<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            Thread t2<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>t<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            t1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程一"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            t2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"线程二"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//5.start开启进程</span>
            t1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            t2<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<p><strong><em>总结：继承Thread创建多线程的步骤：<br>  1.创建一个实现Runnable接口的类<br>  2.重写run方法<br>  3.创建一个实现类的对象<br>  4.每个线程各自创建一个以实现类对象为参数的Thread类的对象<br>  5.start开启进程</em></strong></p>
<hr>
<h3 id="关于Thead带参构造器的源码："><a href="#关于Thead带参构造器的源码：" class="headerlink" title="关于Thead带参构造器的源码："></a>关于Thead带参构造器的源码：</h3><pre><code>public Thread(Runnable target) {
    init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
}</code></pre><p>不难发现,其参数必须是Runnable接口实现类的对象  </p>
<p><strong><em>注:相比于继承Thread类,方式二可以直接实现数据共享,方式一需要用static修饰成员变量(这一点在讲同步的时候尤其重要)</em></strong></p>
<hr>
<h2 id="②在JDK5-0新增："><a href="#②在JDK5-0新增：" class="headerlink" title="②在JDK5.0新增："></a>②<strong><em>在JDK5.0新增：</em></strong></h2><h3 id="emsp-方式三-借助FutureTask类和Callable接口"><a href="#emsp-方式三-借助FutureTask类和Callable接口" class="headerlink" title=" 方式三:借助FutureTask类和Callable接口"></a> 方式三:借助FutureTask类和Callable接口</h3><pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java">    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//1.创建一个实现Callable接口的类</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyThread</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Callable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//2.重写call函数(由于多态,Obj的返回值类型可以自动向下转化)</span>
        <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
        <span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> Exception <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">int</span> sum<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                    sum <span class="token operator">+=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> sum<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Test1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> UnknownHostException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//3.创建一个实现类的对象</span>
            MyThread myThread<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MyThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//4.创建一个FutureTask的对象,传入Callable实现类的对象</span>
            FutureTask futureTask<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FutureTask</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>myThread<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//5.创建一个Thread类的对象传入对象futureTask并start</span>
            <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>futureTask<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//6.如果需要返回值,再调用futureTask.get()来取返回值</span>
            <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                Object sum<span class="token operator">=</span>futureTask<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"总和为"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">ExecutionException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<hr>
<p>总结:<br>  1.创建一个实现Callable接口的类<br>  2.重写call方法<br>  3.创建一个实现类的对象<br>  4.创建一个FutureTask的对象,传入Callable实现类的对象<br>  5.创建一个Thread类的对象传入对象futureTask并start<br>  6.如果需要call函数的返回值,需要调用future.get()的方法</p>
<p><strong><em>注:Callable可以简单认为是Runnable的升级版,Callable允许有返回值功能更强大</em></strong></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/AefVTnO3Wwld7sj.png" alt=""><br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/KdbyL2SRvIpDi3O.png" alt=""></p>
<h3 id="关于FutureTask构造器的源码解析"><a href="#关于FutureTask构造器的源码解析" class="headerlink" title="关于FutureTask构造器的源码解析"></a>关于FutureTask构造器的源码解析</h3><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/rAUoceJVH86GYRF.png" alt=""><br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/mShDs6cjOlNERJg.png" alt=""><br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/RhTQ9D47BejrCoz.png" alt=""><br>不难发现,FutrueTask其实继承了Runnable,所以在Tread实例化的时候可以直接带FutureTask的对象,并且上图中的构造器中对callable进行了回调</p>
<hr>
<h3 id="emsp-方式四：调用线程池来实现多线程-开发中主要还是用线程池"><a href="#emsp-方式四：调用线程池来实现多线程-开发中主要还是用线程池" class="headerlink" title=" 方式四：调用线程池来实现多线程(开发中主要还是用线程池)"></a> 方式四：调用线程池来实现多线程(开发中主要还是用线程池)</h3><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/MmVdAXyKNHCvtUS.png" alt=""></p>
<pre class=" language-java"><code class="language-java">    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//1.创建一个实现Runnable接口的类</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Runnable</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> ticket<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//2.重写run方法</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ticket<span class="token operator">>=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"票"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>ticket<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

            ticket<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Thread<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"售罄了"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Test1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//3.提供指定线程数量的线程池</span>
            ExecutorService service<span class="token operator">=</span>Executors<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">newFixedThreadPool</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//service.submit(new Mythread());//适用于Callable</span>

    <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//4.执行指定的线程操作需要提供实现Runnable接口或Callable接口的类</span>
            service<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//适用于Runnable</span>
            service<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Mythread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">//关闭线程池</span>
            service<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shutdown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
<p>线程池的好处:</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2020/07/20/bYuxqV2FJLMR3fw.png" alt=""><br>注:用survice.getClass()可以找到survice的实现类,可以发现是ThreadPoolExxcutor,然后上属的方法要通过强转才能用：<br>    ThreadPoolExxcutor survice1=(ThreadPoolExxcutor) survice;</p>
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                            一.并发编程的三大问题一.可见性 1.概念: 对于共享数据,一个线程对该数据的值进行修改后另一个线程无法得到修改后的值  
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private static boolean flag=t
                        
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